What is Charge?

Background

From Wikipedia, “Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field”. In physics, it is a measurement of the attraction or repulsion of particles, as found by Coulomb when he established the relationship of charge and force over distance – Coulomb’s law.

Proton (+) and electron (-) charge

Force causes the motion of particles, and the direction depends on the combination of charges as follows:

• Particles of the same charge will repel (+/+ or -/-).
• Particles of opposite charge will attract (+/-).

Large objects, like people, bikes or cars are made of atoms from these same particles.  Yet the laws of motion and forces are based on mass, not on charge.  Why?  When a collision occurs in objects, it is really a collision of millions and millions of electrically charged particles in those objects. We calculate the force of that object based on mass (m), using Newton’s 2nd law (F=ma).  Shouldn’t charge (q) be related to mass (m)?

Explanation

Charge is traveling longitudinal wave energy. Mass and charge are indeed related and can be simplified to a single energy equation, represented in classical form on this page. To relate mass and charge, Coulombs can be explained as wave amplitude, which is measured as a distance (meters).  If one assumes a substance in the vacuum of space that has a physical property of kilograms, and moves as waves, then mass and charge can be described as their motion.  In EWT, this substance is referred to as the aether and its components as granules.

• Mass is standing longitudinal wave energy (without consideration of wave speed – c²)
• Charge is traveling longitudinal wave energy over distance (force)

The elementary charge of a single particle (e_e) is the wave amplitude at the first wavelength, calculated in detail in the section on electric force.  Amplitude is the average displacement from equilibrium of aether granules.  The displacement of granules will be greater near the electron’s core and decrease in amplitude at distance, as granules collide and transfer energy to more granules as it spreads spherically.

Because matter (measured as rest energy or mass) is formed from the same wave that has electrical properties (measured as charge), they can be related both logically and mathematically.  Logically, it is simply the type of longitudinal wave: standing or traveling.  A standing wave is stored energy.  A traveling wave, by definition, is traveling energy.  A photon, by comparison, is a different wave form – it is a transverse wave in which wave propagation is perpendicular to particle motion (versus longitudinal which is in the direction of motion).

Proof of the Relation of Matter and Charge

The energy of the wave can be described classically in the following equation.  In EWT, the energy equation is often shown in wave equation form, but it will be shown here classically to prove that the electron’s mass can be derived from classical electrical constants. The energy of the wave in classical format is:

• μ₀ – magnetic constant
• c – speed of light
• q – charge (variable)
• r – distance (variable)

Mass is the stored energy of standing waves within the electron’s radius (r_e).  Therefore, it is the energy equation without consideration of wave speed (c²). For a single electron, the charge (q) is the elementary charge (e_e).  The following derives to the exact value and units of the electron’s mass when using electrical properties (CODATA).

Electron mass

• q – e_e (single electron charge)
• r = r_e (electron radius)

Charge is wave amplitude at a given distance (r).  It can be expressed as energy, but it is often expressed as a force, known as Coulomb’s law.  The Coulomb constant is the magnetic constant times wave speed squared, over 4π.  Coulomb gave it the letter k.

Force is energy at a distance (F=E/r), so for a force equation it becomes r² in the denominator. Substituting the Coulomb constant for the constants in the energy equation (from above) yields Coulomb’s law.

Coulomb’s law

Logically, both mass and charge can be explained as waves.  And mathematically, the electron’s mass can now be expressed in terms of charge (q/e_e), relating the domains of mechanical and electrical by equation.

Relation of Mass and Charge Force Equations

The relationship between laws of matter, noted by mass (m) in the equation, are equal to electromagnetic charge laws, noted by charge (q) in the equation, when one considers a single electron mass and charge and the distance to be equal to the electron’s classical radius.  Amazingly, the matter laws from Einstein to Newton can be related to charge laws such as Coulomb’s law. These force equations are expressed in classical constants: